Greek letters and math symbols don't work on vertical text such as Y axis titles.
If this is a temporary problem, please restart your computer. This frees up "resources" on your computer, allowing Windows to cope with more fonts and more orientation of fonts.
If the problem occurs even with a freshly-booted computer, the problem probably is that your Symbols font is missing or corrupted or out-of-date. Find the file symbol.ttf in your \Windows\Fonts folder, and replace with a fresh copy ("borrowed" from another computer).